Ethical Dilemmas Of Organ Transplants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1143 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? According to Shaw (2011), organ transfer raises several ethical and emotional issues, especially in discussions around anonymity protocol. They take something from one persons life to save anothers. Some different opinions have come about regarding organ transplants: if the patient is brain dead or they went through cardiac death, should the organs be available to a recipient who needs them to continue life? I believe that organ transplants are helpful and ethical; they have the potential to save lives. Utilitarian perspective proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness regardless of the consequences (Mill Shar, 2002). Regarding organ transplants, utilitarian perspective applies to a persons morals. Beneficence to me is an important piece to the utilitarian perspective. Beneficence is the promotion of happiness and good in the most people possible. As stated before, utilitarian perspective applies to a persons morals; beneficence is based on those morals too. Since utilitarianism is based on morals, it is good that it is illegal to sell organs in the United States; it would increase donation, encouraging people to donate their organs and potentially want to participate in physician assistant suicide (Giuliano, 1997). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Dilemmas Of Organ Transplants" essay for you Create order Deontology perspective defines actions as right or wrong (Kant, 1996). The main goal is to do what is best for the most people, no matter the belief or feeling behind the decision. Kants theory relates to organ transplant as human life as sacred and inviolable (Kant, 1996). He believes that one person cannot use another person to get better. The perspective I am taking on organ transplants is utilitarian perspective because of my personal morals. Taking organs from the recently deceased not only saves lives but it would save time and money for the doctors doing the transplantation. Utilitarian does not rely on wealth to favor an individual for organ transplants. Anyone, poor or rich, should get a same chance of life saving according to who comes first on the waiting list. As it was said before, organ transplantation has brought up many ethical dilemmas. These issues vary from biomedical and philosophical ethics to organ allocation and consent and coercion (Shaw, 2011). In most cases, people hear mostly about a patient that is willing to donate their organs when they become brain dead. The most popular organs that are transplanted are those most vital ones: heart, liver, and kidneys (Giuliano, 1997). That patient would have their organs distributed to potentially ten people and help live longer lives. The only downfall to cadaver donation is that the transplant must be done as soon as possible (Baille et al., 2018). The ethical dilemma in this example is the question of when is life officially over; is it when the soul reenters another life or when the soul enters eternal happiness (Baille et al., 2018)? Another non-ethical argument is if someone is desperate enough to get an organ transplant because their own organ failed, then what if the donors organ does not take in the recipients body? According to Joralemon and Cox (2003), many of those who die before receiving an organ might very well have died within several years even with a replacement organ. But, if someone is brain dead, and they gave their consent, they could leave their impact on someones or multiple peoples lives. According to IRB Advisor (2018), especially for research purposes, if the organ is manipulated, then informed consent has to be obtained from the recipient. But it is interesting to see why someone would argue saving others, though, especially if its a ?dying wish. In other more popular cases, people hear of the inter vivo transplants, meaning both the donor and the recipient are both still alive (Baille et al., 2018). This is the type of transplant that occurs when someone could use a new kidney, for example. Besides consent, the only way this seems ethical is be sure the donor is not seeking suicide. This type of transplant is ethical, in my opinion, because most of the time, it seems the donor is family or someone close to the recipient. Even if they were not close to each other, the donor would be saving a life. Yes, humans were born with two kidneys, but people can function with one unless they need a good one, for illness reasons, for example. On the other hand, inter vivo transplants could be perceived as unethical because, for example, an alcoholic needs a liver and they get one. Legally, health care workers must do the procedure, but ethically, they do not agree with the situation. From the recipients perspective, they are in a desperate situation, but they still need to decide if getting that transplant will do more good than harm (Baille et al., 2018). Quality of life needs to be taken into consideration for the recipient and their family. Recipients have trouble expressing gratitude and saying thank you to donors and donor families was hard for them to do, not only because anonymity protocol prohibits unmediated relations between donors, donor families, and recipients in the New Zealand context, but because physical factors make repaying ?the gift impossible (Shaw, 2011). Sadness, pain, and stress are expressed by close family and friends around someone who is actively dying. These emotions are shown during interviews with them when the subject of donating the patients organs comes up. During the interview, the health care worker clarifies what brain death is and explains the option of organ donation (Marujo Nunes et al., 2016). This is where the family decides to donate the organs or not and is essentially the most important part of the whole donation process (Marujo Nunes et al., 2016). Another purpose of the family interview is to provide emotional support to the family and friends through the difficult time. When working in the health field, workers need to use their legal advice, making sure that they do not use their ethical values to find a solution. For example, if two patients, one having alcoholism and the other had liver disease, were both waiting on a new donor liver to become available, they need to go with the patient that has been on the list the longest. Most would want to just give the organ to the patient with liver disease because that patient did not put themselves in that situation whereas the patient with alcoholism caused their liver to fail. According to Giuliano (1997), if a patient receives a kidney from a relative, they do not have to wait on the list for that organ. To recap, there are four principles aiding in ethical decision making that include: making sure that the benefits are greater than the risks, making sure the practice is not doing harm to the patient, respecting the patients independence, and lastly, justice (Mitzel Snyders, 2002). I believe that organ transplants are ethical and have the potential to save a lot of people. Behind all the ethical dilemmas, people just need to remember the good morals.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Aristotle s Rhetorical Triangle

When one argues a point, it is not to convince himself or herself, but to convince others. Luckily, success is easily achieved if the right approach is taken. To break things down, Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle helps guide the approach of an argument, based on the argument’s target audience. Aristotle believed knowing the target audience was the most important part to winning an argument. The Rhetorical Triangle outlines three different types of persuasive appeals: Logos, the logical appeal, uses facts and reasoning as support for an argument; Ethos, the ethical appeal, uses professional credibility and trustworthiness of the author to win an argument; and Pathos, the emotional appeal, uses emotional response from the audience to win them over. When used for the correct audience, it’s very clear that the persuasive appeals Logos, Ethos and Pathos, consistently help win arguments. For instance, logic and undeniable facts are extremely valuable to a vast number of people. When one wants to use the power of Logos to persuade the audience, the argument needs strong supporting evidence, and to appeal to the audience’s sense of reasoning. A strong example of the use of Logos can be viewed in a scene from the movie Twelve Angry Men, directed by Sidney Lumet. Twelve Angry Men is about twelve jurors, and their decision about the first-degree murder trial of a young man who is accused of stabbing his father to death. A guilty sentence would mean an automatic death penalty for theShow MoreRelatedPatrick Henry s Give Me Liberty1784 Words   |  8 PagesPatrick Henry’s â€Å"Give me Liberty, or Give me Death:† A Rhetorical Analysis On March 23, 1775, in the meeting hall of St. John’s Church in Richmond, Virginia, a group of important statesmen, merchants, plantation owners, military leaders, and various others met to determine the fate of their beloved colony. The colony of Virginia, under the governorship of Lord Dunmore, was tearing at its seams between monarchists, who remained loyal to the British Crown, and patriots in support of independence. Read MoreThe Theories Of Learning And Communication1712 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific and based on observed evidence carried out by laboratory experiments. A problem with this theory is that it is deterministic; it negates any freewill in the individual. Operant conditioning is a change in the behaviour of an individual s response to stimuli (event) that occur in an environment. A response creates a consequence. When a particular stimulus to response behaviour is reinforced (rewarded) as soon as possible, the individual becomes conditioned to respond. Behaviour that isRead MoreBeyond Visual Metaphor. a New Typology of Visual Rhetoric in Advertising9528 Words   |  39 PagesMcQuarrie Santa Clara University, USA Abstract. The goal of rhetorical theory is always to organize the possibilities for persuasion within a domain and to relate each possible stratagem to specific desired outcomes. In this article we develop a visual rhetoric that differentiates the pictorial strategies available to advertisers and links them to consumer response. We propose a new typology that distinguishes nine types of visual rhetorical figures according to their degree of complexity and ambiguityRead MoreModels of Communication7544 Words   |  31 Pagesreality can be represented in any number of ways. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical Communication Models 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric. Ehninger, Gronbeck and Monroe: One of the earliest definitions of communication came from the Greek philosopher-teacher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Rhetoric† is â€Å"the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion† (Rhetoric 1335b). b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle’s speaker-centered model received perhaps its fullest development in the hands of Roman educatorRead MoreResearch on Persuasive Techniques Used in Advertising Industry12297 Words   |  50 Pagesoverstated. 4|Page Topic Persuasive techniques used in Advertisement 5|Page Introduction to the Topic Persuasive Techniques in Advertising The following are some more specific strategies that advertisers use. Often, they overlap with the rhetorical strategies. ï‚ž Avante Garde The suggestion that using this product puts the user ahead of the times. A toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have a new toy. ï‚ž Weasel Words â€Å"Weasel words† are used to suggest a positiveRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesOxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-PermanenceRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesReasons ................................................................................................ 236 Deceiving with Loaded Language ................................................................................................... 238 Using Rhetorical Devices .................................................................................................................. 240 Review of Major Points .............................................................................................

Essay about Mother Knows Best Termination of Pregnancy

The issue of whether or not we should allow abortion, or to grant pro-choice has been widely debated in our community lately. This topic is important for the morality of expectant mothers that are dealing with issues of feticide. In recent elections, abortion has become a main point of interest for democrats and republicans. Democrats are mainly pro-choice, while the republicans are preponderantly pro-life affiliates. Different arguments have been discussed as to why abortion should be legal, however, pro-choice is the accurate view point. Abortions should continue to stay legalized, but only for legitimate reasoning’s. But because of the 19th amendment, expectant mothers have the constitutional rights to decide if she wants to terminate†¦show more content†¦If these impregnated rape victims cannot abort, it could lead to many psychological and mental anguish, and just depletes the child’s rate of being healthy. Also if a rape victim became pregnant and she had to keep her baby, she would be forced to explain her pregnancy to everyone. The said women would think of the baby as a product of rape, rather than an innocent, pure baby. Abortion helps ease the trauma of a woman who has been raped. It may not solve rape, but simply transforms the victim, into a culprit. Mothers these days, for the most part, are becoming younger and younger. In this generation, teens are having kids, and it is socially acceptable. In a 2006 study, according to the Guttmatcher Institute, 35% of abortions were from kids from 15-19. Teens are more irresponsible than ever, and are beginning to have intercourse at a younger age. They often get pregnant, and use abortion as a quick fix to their problems. With this generation’s obsession with technology and media, kids are forced to grow up quicker. With the peer pressure from others their age leads to a messed up, confused generation. Abortion should be allowed for minors because they are not ready to raise a kid by being kids themselves. Carrying a child in teenage years is anatomicallyShow MoreRelatedNoninvasive Prenatal Testing Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesof a self-reported study of how mothers of children with down syndrome feel about noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), especially the impact they think it will have on their families and other families with children who have down syndrome. NIPT is a highly sensitive blood test that allows doctors to detect Down syndrome early on in pregnancy with no risk of miscarriage, therefore increasing the number of pregnancies identified with Down syndrome. Seventy-three mothers of children with Down syndromeRead MoreArgumentative Essay: Abortion1075 Words   |  5 Pagesabortion is wrong and not to be mistaken with Abortion should be made illegal. I will explain later why I have made this statement. Abortion is the termination of an unborn child in its mothers womb for up to twenty four weeks of the pregnancy or in special circumstances e.g. Disability diagnosis a termination right up until the mother goes in to labour. I think the above definition is an easier and less harsh way of saying that abortion is the murdering of a human being. ThereRead MoreAbortion Is A Way For Women1726 Words   |  7 PagesKellsey Lodahl Abortion is Ethical Abortion is a way for women, or couples, to make the best decision they can for themselves and the unborn child if they are not ready to bring a child into the world. Allowing termination as a legal and ethical option lets women know they still have a choice when their world is turned upside down. The choice to abort a pregnancy allows women to remain in control of their bodies and makes women one step closer to becoming equal to men. I argue that it is ethicallyRead MorePhysically Disabled Women : A Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pageslabour with a physical disability. What the author took from caring for this lady is that physically disabled women face a lot of challenges when it comes to embarking on parenthood. In addition to trying to deliver the best and most beneficial start to their babies throughout pregnancy, at birth and through parenthood, women in this group can face challenges in getting suitable support and information to allow them to get ready physiologically and p lan for birth. The purpose of this case study isRead MoreArguments Against Abortion Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesand abuse from their mothers for various reasons† (â€Å"Arguments for and Against Abortion†). This goes to prove that even if the victim chooses not to abort the baby, the baby is put in higher risk for neglect and will be a reminder of the traumatic experience. One can’t blame the mother for an unplanned pregnancy in situations like these. As a parent you want the best for your child and to love them with all your heart. Why go through and deliver the attacker’s baby if you know they aren’t going toRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Within Healthcare2077 Words   |  9 PagesReproductive Ethics – Terminations Terminations have always been an ethical issue within healthcare as a lot of people feel that it is morally wrong to end a life and feel that terminating a pregnancy is morally wrong euthanasia of a child. However, there are lots of reasons why a woman would want to terminate, such as rape or unplanned pregnancy. This essay will look at the ethical issues from both sides of the argument as well as how this topic is linked to legislation within the UK. The EqualityRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong And Should Be Illegal1617 Words   |  7 Pages Abortion has become a serious topic in American culture today. If you were to ask someone on their street whether they were Pro-Life or Pro-Choice odds are they would know exactly what you were talking about and then be able to give a clear statement of their opinion on the matter. This issue has provoked many strong opinions in people around the country, so much so that the act of abortion has been petitioned to become an illegal procedure. There are many reasons to support abortion along withRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion1380 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures preformed in the United States each year. More than 40% of all women will end a pregnancy by abortion at some time in their reproductive lives. Abortion, it is sim ply the one of the most debated issue in our society today. â€Å"Is abortion bad?† â€Å"Is the fetus a baby?† â€Å"Why is it bad to kill a fetus if it’s not living?† The simpleRead MoreDefinition of Abortion Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion (noun): a. Termination of pregnancy and expulsion of an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival. b. Any of various procedures that result in such termination and expulsion. Also called induced abortion. As stated above, abortion is the termination of a fetus. In other words, the fetus dies, whether by the mothers choice or by accident (such as a miscarriage or stillbirth.) Medically, all terminations of pregnancy not resulting in a live birth are defined as abortionsRead MoreDiscursive Essay- Abortion639 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. If a woman falls pregnant and does not wish to go through with the pregnancy then she might choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a moral issue which people have many different feelings towards. Some people say it is okay to abort a baby but other individuals are strongly against it and consider abortions as murder. Sometimes people are against it because they believe it is wrong but some are against it because of their religion, their background

Williams Machine Tool Company, An Example Of The Business

Williams Machine Tool Company is an example of the business that had gained lots of profits and low employee turnover rate in the past time. The company was the third major US machine tool company in 1990. The company had had only one production line for producing their product. In that time, they didn’t want to develop a new product. They believed that the business could be successful based on one production line. However, they had faced the recession in 1995. Revenue was down because they didn’t have new product to present to the customers. Lastly, the company was sold to Crock Engineering. Several issues made the company to change in terms of a strategic planning, a corporate culture, and an organizational structure. Firstly, the strategic planning is a process of setting the plan and direction of the company that will become to be successful in the future. It can help the company for an assessment of current company situations, the forecasted future opportunities, a nd the guideline of employees and managers to meet company vision. According to William Machine Tool Company, the company had been found in the past 85 years ago. The company didn’t set any plans for facing with the new situation in the future. They had used the same strategy since the company was found. For example, the company had produced only the standard machine tools. They didn’t develop the new product to the customers that were asking for the new product design. 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The stock ticker for the company on the NASDAQ exchange is â€Å"GRPN.† The company is listed under the sector ‘Technology’ and indust ry ‘Internet Information Providers.’ It started off as ‘ThePoint.com

A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-nine Free Essays

Eddard The grey light of dawn was streaming through his window when the thunder of hoofbeats awoke Eddard Stark from his brief, exhausted sleep. He lifted his head from the table to look down into the yard. Below, men in mail and leather and crimson cloaks were making the morning ring to the sound of swords, and riding down mock warriors stuffed with straw. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ned watched Sandor Clegane gallop across the hard-packed ground to drive an iron-tipped lance through a dummy’s head. Canvas ripped and straw exploded as Lannister guardsmen joked and cursed. Is this brave show for my benefit? he wondered. If so, Cersei was a greater fool than he’d imagined. Damn her, he thought, why is the woman not fled? I have given her chance after chance . . . The morning was overcast and grim. Ned broke his fast with his daughters and Septa Mordane. Sansa, still disconsolate, stared sullenly at her food and refused to eat, but Arya wolfed down everything that was set in front of her. â€Å"Syrio says we have time for one last lesson before we take ship this evening,† she said. â€Å"Can I, Father? All my things are packed.† â€Å"A short lesson, and make certain you leave yourself time to bathe and change. I want you ready to leave by midday, is that understood?† â€Å"By midday,† Arya said. Sansa looked up from her food. â€Å"If she can have a dancing lesson, why won’t you let me say farewell to Prince Joffrey?† â€Å"I would gladly go with her, Lord Eddard,† Septa Mordane offered. â€Å"There would be no question of her missing the ship.† â€Å"It would not be wise for you to go to Joffrey right now, Sansa. I’m sorry.† Sansa’s eyes filled with tears. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Sansa, your lord father knows best,† Septa Mordane said. â€Å"You are not to question his decisions.† â€Å"It’s not fair!† Sansa pushed back from her table, knocked over her chair, and ran weeping from the solar. Septa Mordane rose, but Ned gestured her back to her seat. â€Å"Let her go, Septa. I will try to make her understand when we are all safely back in Winterfell.† The septa bowed her head and sat down to finish her breakfast. It was an hour later when Grand Maester Pycelle came to Eddard Stark in his solar. His shoulders slumped, as if the weight of the great maester’s chain around his neck had become too great to bear. â€Å"My lord,† he said, â€Å"King Robert is gone. The gods give him rest.† â€Å"No,† Ned answered. â€Å"He hated rest. The gods give him love and laughter, and the joy of righteous battle.† It was strange how empty he felt. He had been expecting the visit, and yet with those words, something died within him. He would have given all his titles for the freedom to weep . . . but he was Robert’s Hand, and the hour he dreaded had come. â€Å"Be so good as to summon the members of the council here to my solar,† he told Pycelle. The Tower of the Hand was as secure as he and Tomard could make it; he could not say the same for the council chambers. â€Å"My lord?† Pycelle blinked. â€Å"Surely the affairs of the kingdom will keep till the morrow, when our grief is not so fresh.† Ned was quiet but firm. â€Å"I fear we must convene at once.† Pycelle bowed. â€Å"As the Hand commands.† He called his servants and sent them running, then gratefully accepted Ned’s offer of a chair and a cup of sweet beer. Ser Barristan Selmy was the first to answer the summons, immaculate in white cloak and enameled scales. â€Å"My lords,† he said, â€Å"my place is beside the young king now. Pray give me leave to attend him.† â€Å"Your place is here, Ser Barristan,† Ned told him. Littlefinger came next, still garbed in the blue velvets and silver mockingbird cape he had worn the night previous, his boots dusty from riding. â€Å"My lords,† he said, smiling at nothing in particular before he turned to Ned. â€Å"That little task you set me is accomplished, Lord Eddard.† Varys entered in a wash of lavender, pink from his bath, his plump face scrubbed and freshly powdered, his soft slippers all but soundless. â€Å"The little birds sing a grievous song today,† he said as he seated himself. â€Å"The realm weeps. Shall we begin?† â€Å"When Lord Renly arrives,† Ned said. Varys gave him a sorrowful look. â€Å"I fear Lord Renly has left the city.† â€Å"Left the city?† Ned had counted on Renly’s support. â€Å"He took his leave through a postern gate an hour before dawn, accompanied by Ser Loras Tyrell and some fifty retainers,† Varys told them. â€Å"When last seen, they were galloping south in some haste, no doubt bound for Storm’s End or Highgarden.† So much for Renly and his hundred swords. Ned did not like the smell of that, but there was nothing to be done for it. He drew out Robert’s last letter. â€Å"The king called me to his side last night and commanded me to record his final words. Lord Renly and Grand Maester Pycelle stood witness as Robert sealed the letter, to be opened by the council after his death. Ser Barristan, if you would be so kind?† The Lord Commander of the Kingsguard examined the paper. â€Å"King Robert’s seal, and unbroken.† He opened the letter and read. â€Å"Lord Eddard Stark is herein named Protector of the Realm, to rule as regent until the heir comes of age.† And as it happens, he is of age, Ned reflected, but he did not give voice to the thought. He trusted neither Pycelle nor Varys, and Ser Barristan was honor-bound to protect and defend the boy he thought his new king. The old knight would not abandon Joffrey easily. The need for deceit was a bitter taste in his mouth, but Ned knew he must tread softly here, must keep his counsel and play the game until he was firmly established as regent. There would be time enough to deal with the succession when Arya and Sansa were safely back in Winterfell, and Lord Stannis had returned to King’s Landing with all his power. â€Å"I would ask this council to confirm me as Lord Protector, as Robert wished,† Ned said, watching their faces, wondering what thoughts hid behind Pycelle’s half-closed eyes, Littlefinger’s lazy half-smile, and the nervous flutter of Varys’s fingers. The door opened. Fat Tom stepped into the solar. â€Å"Pardon, my lords, the king’s steward insists . . . â€Å" The royal steward entered and bowed. â€Å"Esteemed lords, the king demands the immediate presence of his small council in the throne room.† Ned had expected Cersei to strike quickly; the summons came as no surprise. â€Å"The king is dead,† he said, â€Å"but we shall go with you nonetheless. Tom, assemble an escort, if you would.† Littlefinger gave Ned his arm to help him down the steps. Varys, Pycelle, and Ser Barristan followed close behind. A double column of men-at-arms in chainmail and steel helms was waiting outside the tower, eight strong. Grey cloaks snapped in the wind as the guardsmen marched them across the yard. There was no Lannister crimson to be seen, but Ned was reassured by the number of gold cloaks visible on the ramparts and at the gates. Janos Slynt met them at the door to the throne room, armored in ornate black-and-gold plate, with a high-crested helm under one arm. The Commander bowed stiffly. His men pushed open the great oaken doors, twenty feet tall and banded with bronze. The royal steward led them in. â€Å"All hail His Grace, Joffrey of the Houses Baratheon and Lannister, the First of his Name, King of the Andals and the Rhoynar and the First Men, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms and Protector of the Realm,† he sang out. It was a long walk to the far end of the hall, where Joffrey waited atop the Iron Throne. Supported by Littlefinger, Ned Stark slowly limped and hopped toward the boy who called himself king. The others followed. The first time he had come this way, he had been on horseback, sword in hand, and the Targaryen dragons had watched from the walls as he forced Jaime Lannister down from the throne. He wondered if Joffrey would step down quite so easily. Five knights of the Kingsguard—all but Ser Jaime and Ser Barristan—were arrayed in a crescent around the base of the throne. They were in full armor, enameled steel from helm to heel, long pale cloaks over their shoulders, shining white shields strapped to their left arms. Cersei Lannister and her two younger children stood behind Ser Boros and Ser Meryn. The queen wore a gown of sea-green silk, trimmed with Myrish lace as pale as foam. On her finger was a golden ring with an emerald the size of a pigeon’s egg, on her head a matching tiara. Above them, Prince Joffrey sat amidst the barbs and spikes in a cloth-of-gold doublet and a red satin cape. Sandor Clegane was stationed at the foot of the throne’s steep narrow stair. He wore mail and soot-grey plate and his snarling dog’s-head helm. Behind the throne, twenty Lannister guardsmen waited with longswords hanging from their belts. Crimson cloaks draped their shoulders and steel lions crested their helms. But Littlefinger had kept his promise; all along the walls, in front of Robert’s tapestries with their scenes of hunt and battle, the gold-cloaked ranks of the City Watch stood stiffly to attention, each man’s hand clasped around the haft of an eight-foot-long spear tipped in black iron. They outnumbered the Lannisters five to one. Ned’s leg was a blaze of pain by the time he stopped. He kept a hand on Littlefinger’s shoulder to help support his weight. Joffrey stood. His red satin cape was patterned in gold thread; fifty roaring lions to one side, fifty prancing stags to the other. â€Å"I command the council to make all the necessary arrangements for my coronation,† the boy proclaimed. â€Å"I wish to be crowned within the fortnight. Today I shall accept oaths of fealty from my loyal councillors.† Ned produced Robert’s letter. â€Å"Lord Varys, be so kind as to show this to my lady of Lannister.† The eunuch carried the letter to Cersei. The queen glanced at the words. â€Å"Protector of the Realm,† she read. â€Å"Is this meant to be your shield, my lord? A piece of paper?† She ripped the letter in half, ripped the halves in quarters, and let the pieces flutter to the floor. â€Å"Those were the king’s words,† Ser Barristan said, shocked. â€Å"We have a new king now,† Cersei Lannister replied. â€Å"Lord Eddard, when last we spoke, you gave me some counsel. Allow me to return the courtesy. Bend the knee, my lord. Bend the knee and swear fealty to my son, and we shall allow you to step down as Hand and live out your days in the grey waste you call home.† â€Å"Would that I could,† Ned said grimly. If she was so determined to force the issue here and now, she left him no choice. â€Å"Your son has no claim to the throne he sits. Lord Stannis is Robert’s true heir.† â€Å"Liar!† Joffrey screamed, his face reddening. â€Å"Mother, what does he mean?† Princess Myrcella asked the queen plaintively. â€Å"Isn’t Joff the king now?† â€Å"You condemn yourself with your own mouth, Lord Stark,† said Cersei Lannister. â€Å"Ser Barristan, seize this traitor.† The Lord Commander of the Kingsguard hesitated. In the blink of an eye he was surrounded by Stark guardsmen, bare steel in their mailed fists. â€Å"And now the treason moves from words to deeds,† Cersei said. â€Å"Do you think Ser Barristan stands alone, my lord?† With an ominous rasp of metal on metal, the Hound drew his longsword. The knights of the Kingsguard and twenty Lannister guardsmen in crimson cloaks moved to support him. â€Å"Kill him!† the boy king screamed down from the Iron Throne. â€Å"Kill all of them, I command it!† â€Å"You leave me no choice,† Ned told Cersei Lannister. He called out to Janos Slynt. â€Å"Commander, take the queen and her children into custody. Do them no harm, but escort them back to the royal apartments and keep them there, under guard.† â€Å"Men of the Watch!† Janos Slynt shouted, donning his helm. A hundred gold cloaks leveled their spears and closed. â€Å"I want no bloodshed,† Ned told the queen. â€Å"Tell your men to lay down their swords, and no one need—† With a single sharp thrust, the nearest gold cloak drove his spear into Tomard’s back. Fat Tom’s blade dropped from nerveless fingers as the wet red point burst out through his ribs, piercing leather and mail. He was dead before his sword hit the floor. Ned’s shout came far too late. Janos Slynt himself slashed open Varly’s throat. Cayn whirled, steel flashing, drove back the nearest spearman with a flurry of blows; for an instant it looked as though he might cut his way free. Then the Hound was on him. Sandor Clegane’s first cut took off Cayn’s sword hand at the wrist; his second drove him to his knees and opened him from shoulder to breastbone. As his men died around him, Littlefinger slid Ned’s dagger from its sheath and shoved it up under his chin. His smile was apologetic. â€Å"I did warn you not to trust me, you know.† How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-nine, Essay examples

Play What Is Play Definition of Play. free essay sample

From an early age, play is important to a childs development and learning. It Isnt lust physical. It can involve cognitive, Imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their Impulse to explore, experiment and understand. Children of all ages play. (Dobson, 2004, p. 8) This essay will describe the defining features of play, understanding of the roles and functions of play in early years. Play Is not Just fun for children It Is fundamental.Play Is a key to a childs learning and development. Parents are often their childs first lay companions, so understanding play and Its value to children Is helpful. What Is the play and why Is It Important? Playing is a much needed activity in the early childhood. The reason is that play is the building block of a childs intellectual skills. The parents should realize that through play, their child develops social skills, problem solving skills and also interpersonal skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Play What Is Play? Definition of Play. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children develop very quickly during the early years.They change rapidly intellectually, physically, emotionally and socially and they need provision that helps them to overcome any disadvantage and which extends their knowledge, skills, understanding and confidence. It is very difficult to define play. The variety and variability of activities that we would define as play mean that there is no universally accepted definition of play. Viscosity (2002) called play as the leading source of development in preschool years. He described play as the source of development and creates the zone of proximal development.Sentimentally (1981 ) called play as a subset of life , an arrangement in which one can practice behavior without dreading its consequences (p. 14). Graver (1977) gave a useful description of lay for teachers when she defined play as an activity which is: 1) positively valued by the player; 2) self-motivated; 3) freely chosen; 4) engaging; and 5) which has certain systematic relations to what is not play (p. 5). Sailboat, the National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education said that play is central to the well-being, development and learning of the young child. Play is an important medium through which the child Interacts with, explores and makes sense of the world around her/his. These Interactions with, for example, other children, adults, materials, events and Ideas, are eye to the childs well-being, development and learning. Play Is a source of Joy and fulfillment for the child. It provides an Important context and opportunity to enhance and optimism quality early childhood experiences. As such, play will be a primary focus In quality early childhood settings.These characteristics are Important for teachers to remember because Imposing adult values, requirements, or motivations on childrens actively may change the very nature of play. Play What Is Play? Definition of Play. By Annette From an early age, play is important to a childs development and learning. It isnt just physical. It can involve cognitive, imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their impulse to explore, functions of play in early years. Play is not Just fun for children it is fundamental. Play is a key to a childs learning and development. Parents are often their childs first play companions, so understanding play and its value to children is helpful. What is the play and why is it important? Universally accepted definition of play. Weights (2002) called play as the leading development and creates the zone of proximal development. Sentimentally (1981) child interacts with, explores and makes sense of the world around her/his.